Resumen:
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[EN] Of all the areas studied in the field of neuroscience, colour vision is probably the branch that has generated most debate. It is a question
that has interested and has been approached both from a physiological point ...[+]
[EN] Of all the areas studied in the field of neuroscience, colour vision is probably the branch that has generated most debate. It is a question
that has interested and has been approached both from a physiological point of view and in the different fields of humanistic knowledge,
with special attention to the use of colours by artists over time. To speak of colour, within the sphere of the historical avant-garde, is to
speak of the fauvists, that artistic period which developed with multiple proposals, where there was apparently no heterogeneous group
idea, but which shared a common concern, the exaltation of colour over delineated form or drawing. From neuroscientific parameters,
the brain of the Fauve artists and their conception of colour is interesting, since, in order to free colour from forms, they arrived at a
solution that was impossible on a cerebral level: to endow forms with colours that are not usually associated with them and thus break
with chromatic ties. Of all the Fauve artists, Matisse was the one who caused the most havoc on a perceptual and cognitive level. It is
curious that, in the text Notes of a painter (1908), he indicated that he dreamt of an art that would be dotted, balanced and soothing,
which would act as a cerebral calming agent. Today, thanks to modern neuroscience, we know that, on contemplating one of his works,
a series of specific cortical areas are activated which produce cognitive dissonance and a profound dissatisfaction, since his painting
breaks with the acquired and inherited concepts that have to do with the association of colours and their natural forms.
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[ES] De todas las áreas que se estudian desde el campo de la neurociencia, la visión del color es con toda probabilidad la rama que ha generado más debates. Se trata de una cuestión que ha interesado y se ha abordado, tanto ...[+]
[ES] De todas las áreas que se estudian desde el campo de la neurociencia, la visión del color es con toda probabilidad la rama que ha generado más debates. Se trata de una cuestión que ha interesado y se ha abordado, tanto desde el punto de vista fisiológico, como en los diferentes campos del saber humanístico, con especial atención del uso de los colores por los artistas a lo largo del tiempo. Hablar de color, dentro del ámbito de las vanguardias históricas, es hacerlo de los fauvista, ese período artístico que se desarrolló con múltiples propuestas, en donde aparentemente no había una idea heterogénea de grupo, pero que compartían una preocupación en común, la exaltación del color por encima de la forma. Desde parámetros neurocientíficos, el cerebro de los artistas fauves y su concepción del color, resulta extremadamente interesante, ya que, para excarcelar el color de la forma, los fauvistas llegaron a una solución imposible a nivel fisiológico: dotar a las formas de colores que no suelen asociarse con ellas y así romper con las ataduras cromáticas a una forma concreta e incluso al conjunto de ellas. Seguramente el artista que más estragos produjo y produce al cerebro, sea Matisse. Resulta curioso, que en el texto Notas de un pintor (1908), indicara que soñaba con un arte puro, equilibrado y tranquilizador, que actuara como calmante cerebral. Hoy en día, gracias a la neurociencia moderna sabemos que, al contemplar una obra suya, se activan una serie de áreas corticales especificas que nos produce disonancia cognitiva y una profunda insatisfacción, ya que, su pintura rompe con los conceptos adquiridos que tienen que ver con la asociación de los colores y sus formas naturales.
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