Control hormonal y nutricional de frutos partenocárpicos de níspero japonés (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)

Abstract

[EN] The asexual flower set in the loquat is a rare phenomenon. However, in some cases, depending mainly on the low temperatures during filling, aspermos fruits appear. This phenomenon exists in many fruit species and is known as stenospermocarpy. There are also polyploid cultivars of loquat with parthenocarpic capacity. Finally, you can get parthenocarpic disengaging the effective pollination period by applying gibberellic acid (GA3) during flowering. In all cases, the final size reached these fruits is not suitable commercially. In this paper they were obtained by parthenocarpic flower emasculation and treated with GA3 to cause it flower set, and techniques able to improve their final size were tested. To this end, the beginning of the linear phase of fruit growth auxin synthesis was applied, the 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-piridoxilacético (3, 5, 6-TPA), acid and streaked for branches stimulate growth. In the treated fruits they were measured the diameter at the time of harvest, and their concentration in total soluble solids (TSS), the free acid content and color in the time of harvest was determined. Likewise the development of carbohydrate concentration and reducing transport continued, and plant hormones. The results show that the application of 3, 5, 6-TPA able to increase the final diameter of the fruit on the untreated castrated without this corresponds to an increased accumulation of sugars. Moreover, there has been a breakthrough in parthenocarpic fruit ripening compared to fruits with seeds.

[ES] El cuajado asexual en el níspero japonés es un fenómeno poco común. No obstante, existen cultivares poliploides con capacidad partenocárpica, y en algunas ocasiones, dependiendo fundamentalmente de las bajas temperaturas durante el cuajado, frutos aspermos. Este fenómeno, existe en muchas especies frutales y se conoce como estenospermocarpia. También se pueden conseguir frutos partenocárpicos mediante la aplicación de ácido giberélico (GA3) durante la floración pero el tamaño final que alcanzan no es adecuado comercialmente. Con el fin de mejorar el tamaño final de estos frutos, se aplicará una auxina de síntesis, el ácido 3,5,6-tricloro-2-piridoxilacético (3,5,6-TPA) y se rayarán las ramas, al inicio de la fase lineal de crecimiento, de frutos partenocárpicos obtenidos mediante la emasculación de las flores y tratadas inmediatamente después con (GA3). Para ello, se realizará un seguimiento del diámetro del fruto desde el momento del tratamiento hasta la recolección y se determinarán los parámetros de madurez interna (SST y acidez libre) y externa (color), así como el contenido endógeno en carbohidratos y hormonas vegetales.