Resumen:
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[ES] El virus del mosaico de la sandía (Watermelon mosaic virus, WMV) es un potivirus (género Potyvirus, familia Potyviridae) transmitido por al menos 38 especies de áfidos. La importancia de este virus como factor limitante ...[+]
[ES] El virus del mosaico de la sandía (Watermelon mosaic virus, WMV) es un potivirus (género Potyvirus, familia Potyviridae) transmitido por al menos 38 especies de áfidos. La importancia de este virus como factor limitante del cultivo del melón (Cucumis melo L.) es variable en función del año y la región. En cualquier caso, es frecuente en las regiones productoras de España. La infección produce mosaico en las hojas, deformación foliar, clorosis y detención del crecimiento de la planta, provocando pérdidas de producción. Se ha encontrado tolerancia a WMV en materiales exóticos de melón. Sin embargo, únicamente dos entradas han sido descritas como resistentes, PI 414723 y TGR-1551. La resistencia derivada de PI 414723 está controlada por el gen dominante Wmr, pero su utilidad en mejora es dudosa ya que se trata de resistencia parcial. La resistencia derivada de TGR-1551 está controlada por un gen recesivo y factores modificadores. Esta fuente resulta de especial interés en mejora ya que es la única fuente de resistencia eficaz conocida y hasta el momento no ha sido empleada en el desarrollo de variedades resistentes. El gen mayor responsable de la resistencia derivada de TGR-1551 ha sido localizado en el GLXI, en una región de unos 10 cM flanqueada por los marcadores microsatélites (Single Sequence Repeats, SSR) ECM215 y CMN04_35. Se dispone de materiales derivados de la población de líneas recombinantes consanguíneas (Recombinant Inbred Lines, RILs) empleada para el mapeo inicial de la resistencia. En concreto, se dispone de dos poblaciones de autofecundación obtenidas a partir del segundo retrocruce hacia el parental susceptible ¿Bola de oro¿ de RILs seleccionadas por su resistencia. Estas dos familias serán el material de partida para el mapeo fino del gen mayor de resistencia a WMV. Se inocularán 200 plantas de cada una de estas tres familias. El fenotipado por resistencia se llevará a cabo mediante el seguimiento visual de la aparición de síntomas y la detección de la presencia del virus mediante análisis Western. Estas plantas se genotiparán con los marcadores SSRs flanqueantes de la introgresión que contiene el gen recesivo, para la identificación de recombinantes. Las plantas resistentes se autofecundarán y las descendencias obtenidas se emplearán en un nuevo ensayo de fenotipado por resistencia. Esta información se completará con un análisis de genotipado por secuenciación (Genotyping by Sequencing, GBS) de parte de los materiales disponibles. Este análisis GBS permitirá analizar la extensión de los fragmentos introgresados, reduciendo el tamaño de la región asociada a la resistencia.
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[EN] The Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) is a potyvirus (genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae)
transmitted by at least 38 different aphid species. Depending on the year and the region, the
impact of this virus on the melon ...[+]
[EN] The Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) is a potyvirus (genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae)
transmitted by at least 38 different aphid species. Depending on the year and the region, the
impact of this virus on the melon crops (Cucumis melo L.) can vary. Anyway, this virus can be
found frequently on the main producer regions of Spain. The infection produces mosaic on the
leaves, leaf deformation, chlorosis and cessation of the plant growth. These symptoms cause
production loses. Tolerance to WMV has be found in exotic melon materials. However, only two
accessions have been described as resistant: PI 414723 and TGR-1551. The resistance derived
from PI 414723 is controlled by the dominant gene Wmr, but its usefulness is questionable
because it provides only partial resistance. The resistance derived from TGR-1551 is controlled
by a recessive gene and modifying factors. This source has special interest for plant breeders
because is the only known effective resistance source. Until this moment, it has not been used
in the development of new melon varieties. The gene responsible of the resistance of TGR-1551
has been located on the GLXI, in a region of 10 cM flanked by two microsatellite markers (Single
Sequence Repeats, SSR) ECM215 y CMN04_35. Materials derived from Recombinant Inbred Lines
(RILs) are available. Specifically, a selfing population obtained from the second backcross with
the susceptible parental “Bola de Oro” from a RIL selected by its resistance. This family is the
starting material for the accurate mapping of the main resistance gene to WMV. A preliminary
assay was done to set the inoculation method in our conditions. Then, 200 plants of the available
family were inoculated. The phenotyping by resistance was done by a visual method, following
the symptoms as they appeared and detecting the virus presence by Western analysis. These
plants were genotyped with the flanking SSR markers of the introgresión that contain the
recessive gene. That allowed to identify the recombinants. The plants were selfed and the
descendants obtained were used for a third assay of phenotyping by resistance. This information
was completed with a massive genotyping analysis performed with the Sequenom platform.
These assays suggested that the main gene for the resistance of TGR-1551 is located in the
chromosome 11, in the region flanked by the SSRs. However, the lack of relationship between
the genotyping and the phenotyping by resistance has avoided a more accurate gene map.
Nowadays, new assays with other markers are ongoing and also new backcrosses to the
susceptible parental with the resistant plants selected are being carried out.
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