La elección de la dieta como problema multicriterio: aspectos nutricionales, económicos y medioambientales

Abstract

[EN] The objective of this Project is the analyse of nutritional, price and carbon footprint values of a 20 day monthly menu distributed by a scholar catering company, searching, cheap, adequate nutritional takeaway and low carbon footprint level combining individual menus Price values were been calculated for each individual menu considering only raw materials price, and these values were been used to compare each menu price with its nutritional and carbon footprint values. Carbon footprint was been calculated from literature data from each food, comparing results with Pas 2050:2011 and corrected when necessary. Corrections were realized from transport, process or cook values. For a freezing and 15 days of frozen storage, carbon footprint were calculed by methods suggested by Sanjuánn et al., 2014. For nutritional evaluation, takeaway of macronutrients (protein, fat and carbohydrates) and micronutrients were calculated, differentiating between high limited consume micronutrients (cholesterol and sodium) and low limited consume micronutrients (fibre, calcium, magnessium, iron, potassium and vitamins A, C and E). Calories intake was calculated and considered too. Finally, menus with low carbon footprint and cheap was obtained, and those menus was nutritionally adequate, so its possible to achieve the designment of healthy, cheap and environmentally friendly menus for a 20 days mensual menu for a scholar catering business.

[ES] A la hora de elaborar una dieta, la elección de los alimentos que la conforman es un problema de toma de decisión multicriterio, en el cual deben considerarse no sólo aspectos nutricionales (kcal, contenido en macro y micronutrientes), si no también aspectos económicos (precio de los alimentos) y medioambientales (emisiones a la atmósfera de gases con efecto invernadero). En este trabajo se evaluarán todos estos aspectos en dietas diseñadas para grupos específicos de población